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One of the primary reasons why our society today may be more intolerant and polarized than ever before is because there are fewer fine arts classes available. This is one of the most important functions of public art. Education is getting more informed, digitalised and person-centred. I thought it was a waste of money. Exposure to the arts is proven to be a form of expression and inspiration for students who find themselves in at-risk situations. Pros and Cons of Getting a Fish. Not everyone will like your art in the future, and by going to art school, you will learn how to handle harsh comments and criticisms and use them to your advantage instead of letting them hinder you or upset you. The average annual program budget for art classes in the United States at public schools is around $150,000. For instance, Suny College at Purchase costs $4,970, Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design costs $16,058, and Bellevue University costs $13,600. Most districts only need to have one art teacher per school, which means this resource can stretch further than most administrators realize. After receiving an art school education, she was not equipped to run such a multi-billion-dollar business. Disadvantages of Art Schools Why They can be Bad! The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. That means youre multiplying the $150,000 by 5, and that becomes an unwieldy number for most districts. The only "disadvantages" of art are time, cost, and resources. Now that you have a little bit of the history of art schools in mind, lets consider the pros and cons of going to a modern-day art school. Development Continue Reading Sponsored by Grammarly Some students leave the art school program feeling unfulfilled or seek a career in a completely unrelated field. You need to seek and acquire the skills you consider essential. Would you agree? Music can spark a childs interest in an instrument, giving them an opportunity to travel the world while supporting themselves. You should at least try to meet your professors expectations so that you have a chance to graduate. One problem is that U.S. school systems rarely collect and report basic data that researchers could use to assess students access and participation in arts educational programs. Some of these artists include: These are just a few of the top paid artists alive today. All of those funds dried up. Do not teach about art promotion or the business of art. In terms of our measure of compassion for others, students who received more arts education experiences are more interested in how other people feel and more likely to want to help people who are treated badly. That means you only need to save three students from delinquency to make the program pay for itself. And even if youre incredibly talented, will you actually enjoy going to art school? What if we could create an artistic standardized test that would also impact the ratings that schools receive for student performance? 3. Instead of focusing on what is being tested all of the time, school rankings should be focused on other metrics. They are important for a child to become a real member of society. Here are seven of them. You can resume your study anytime in the future. It reduces the staffing needs that rural districts have for the arts. Librarian Brenda Roberts in Wanette said that there used to be grant money for taking the entire high school to the art museum in Oklahoma City. Broadens perspective - This is one of the key advantages of education. Note that through AR, learners can become active participants rather than mere passive . Digital artists can easily create things that traditional artists would never be able to do. One of the reasons why kids choose to stay when they would otherwise drop out is because the arts program provides a supportive environment to work. More academically-minded people often say that art is not a real career and that art school is not a proper education. Make our economy grow and develop. There is a specific reason why this outcome occurs. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Instead of being taught to reiterate what was learned, students learn to develop their ability to find various solutions to a problem. You might need IPR law, teamwork, and perhaps some business skills to succeed in Art. The Brown Center Chalkboard launched in January 2013 as a weekly series of new analyses of policy, research, and practice relevant to U.S. education. The best step that parents can take if they dont want their arts program to disappear is to create an advocacy plan. In the 1560s, the uptake of art as a career was slow. The other is being inclusive in education, including art in education. Below are some things to consider when trying to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of art education. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. They can crop up and take over an otherwise healthy mind. Like with etymology for our languages, knowing and understanding Art can positively impact our lives. In other words, only 10% of art graduates can make a living from Art. This can cause a society to rethink things and grow. Without creativity, you fail to see and exploit opportunities. Art is not a required course to take. If you go to art school, perhaps you can learn the skills required to create art that impacts society and brings in decent money. Almost as soon as motor skills are developed, children communicate through artistic expression. This is the place to get full written feedback on your IELTS Speaking. M. +34 663 699 123, Art blog: tips, quotes, coaching for artists to develop their online presence and Business, PROs and CONs of art education in schools, How to make your parents let you go to art school, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Artist Jules Arthur, his art & Resilient Sisterhood Project, How to sell your art online: 21 selling artwork tips (2023), What is an Art Studio? That all changed when the art program was cut from the district. Students have to attend lectures as well as complete practical art projects and assignments. As a result, more and more teachers are turning from "rigid" teaching formats to ones that are more flexible. A major disadvantage of a liberal arts education is the lack of funding available for cutting edge equipment and research materials. As the saying goes, what gets measured gets done. What are the disadvantages of having arts in the school curriculum? Arts and music typically bring funds when the school charges activity fees to parents. The arts challenge us with different points of view, compel us to empathize with others, and give us the opportunity to reflect on the human condition. For art directors, an advantage is the pay, which are paid the most in the art career field. Although you can earn a healthy salary without going to college in some trades, many employment opportunities require an undergraduate degree or higher to obtain a position. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Studying the arts also helps improve academic performance, not just through creativity, but it improves learning in areas like math and science as well as the literary field. Becoming an artist is like starting your business; you need a business or career plan: Estimate the costs and chances in the long run. E1: The most important advantages of innovative e-learning refer to the reduction in travel time and study expenses. In our fast-paced society, we often just stay afloat. These programs can provide a range of services, including early intervention, individualized instruction, and support for families. The arts and culture industry of the United States supports almost 5 million jobs each year. The need for civic education in 21st-century schools, Getting beyond did it work?: Proposing a new approach to integrate research and policy, Connecting schools and communities can restore hope in the possibility of change in Lebanon, Survey: What purpose do suspensions serve? Hand-Eye Coordination. The University of Florida's online . Unless a student plans to pursue an undergraduate degree or higher in an artistic field, taking classes in this creative subject at the high school level or below is not mandatory. The nervousness and during this phase is a commonly discussed thing. How can we live longer and better? It should be noted that these are not reasons to avoid diversity, but rather, factors to keep in mind as society heads toward a more diverse future. Studying art is not uncommon but a difficult choice to make for many people. shouldi.org was created to help you make informed choices by providing you with the most important pros and cons. Advantages and Disadvantages of Media: Media refers to a means of communication such as broadcasting, publishing, or anything or communication involving the use of the internet or other sources that uses different branches to facilitate global communication for individuals situated across the world. When children receive exposure to these programs, then it can cut into the natural disadvantages that exist because of their socioeconomic status. It also reduces stress and keeps the mind engage with creative thinking. Actively participate in their communities and civil society. Before making this decision, make sure you think twice before taking action. This is intrinsic motivation. Social mobility? Some communities even see no value in arts to the workforce or a persons education. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an artist? What Are The Disadvantages Of Online Learning? List of the Advantages of Online Classes. It is a structure that promotes constructive acceptance, including critiques of creative efforts, while still making it a safe place for students to be bold with their risk-taking ventures. 1. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, art directors have a median annual pay of $80,000 and some can even make up to $160,000. Skills developed in art education often transfer to other areas of life and school work. Just continue the road you have chosen. In terms of school engagement, students in the treatment group were more likely to agree that school work is enjoyable, makes them think about things in new ways, and that their school offers programs, classes, and activities that keep them interested in school. Art supplies cost more money that math supplies. 5 Disadvantages of E-learning 1. The College Board discovered that a student who takes four years of classes can achieve grades that are 10% better on these tests. Alternatively, you may have to supplement your income with grants, but those arent handed out to anybody who comes knocking, either. Then they took them to museums in smaller Norman. What are the benefits of art education? Is it worth the money? Over 1,000 arts programs were ended in Oklahoma between 2014 to 2018, including the one at the Wanette School District. Though few would deny that the arts confer intrinsic benefits, advocating art for arts sake has been insufficient for preserving the arts in schoolsdespite national surveys showing an overwhelming majority of the public agrees that the arts are a necessary part of a well-rounded education. Following this main purpose it is possible to narrow . Considering the cost to house one delinquent youth for a year is at least $20,000, taxpayers can save more if schools invest in these programs. For some, art school isnt real education. Either way, youll probably have deadlines, just like you would in any other field. Art also improves creative thinking and encourages problem-solving abilities. People will have an opportunity to continually learn and develop their skills and capacities. How does culture affect an artist's artwork. This is something that you wont be able to get from a non-art-focused university or college. Copy. These careers create a chance to be open to learning about new people and experiences to the point where acting, graphics design, or computer coding becomes better because of the visual approaches that these classes require. When you go to art school, you open yourself up to being hurt by other people. Students may not want to participate acting all the time. Art school builds on your existing talents As an aspiring artist, you might have raw talent that needs a bit of direction. Both of these are valuable benefits of art. It defines a more powerful and more useful computers. Its a pity art schools dont teach IPR. Second, liberal arts degrees allow for flexibility and adaptability to new career positions. Most students choose to take something else. For any professional training, this is a complete failure. It also improves the opportunities to find meaningful employment, vote in elections, and seek out volunteer options. For the thinkers and creative types, art groups started as a social gathering where art purveyors would gather and share ideas. Teacher preparation time is big. Let me mention a few of them. Hard to control student since they can have too much fun. Disadvantages of artificial intelligence. In addition to arts education professional development for school leaders and teachers, students at the 21 treatment schools received, on average, 10 enriching arts educational experiences across dance, music, theater, and visual arts disciplines. With a long-term career perspective in mind, in the end liberal arts majors may be . What are the strengths and weaknesses of deconstruction as a method of artistic interpretation? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A higher amount of risk-taking capability is one of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence. This can cause a society to rethink things and grow. Drama and performing classes help improve communication skills, concentration, and memory. It can also improve the coordination between the brains hemispheres for students in the K-12 public school. Creativity encourages self-expression, a way to create something from personal feelings and experiences. It depends upon the person teaching, their circumstances and their ability. Cutting the money to art programs in schools might seem like it can help to balance a budget, but it only creates short-term benefits. Empirical evidence supports these claims: Among adults, arts participation is related to behaviors that contribute to the health of civil society, such as increased civic engagement, greater social tolerance, and reductions in other-regarding behavior. As education policymakers increasingly rely on empirical evidence to guide and justify decisions, advocates struggle to make the case for the preservation and restoration of K-12 arts education. Creative education is when students are able to use imagination and critical thinking to create new and meaningful forms of ideas where they can take risks, be independent and flexible. Due to the programs gradual rollout and oversubscription, we implemented a lottery to randomly assign which schools initially participated. Low chances of becoming a working artist According to "Artists report back" a report done by BFAMFAPHD 's (pdf) 90% of art school graduates in the U.S. can't make their primary living from Art. Its a perspective. Some students may have difficulty focusing while using screens. It presents one of the highest returns of any public sector investment made in the United States. Statistics from Petersons shows us that the Rugters University has a 21% acceptance rate of applications to study towards a Doctoral or Masters Degree in the Music, Theater, or Visual Arts Departments. It was called the Accademia del Disegno, which translates to the Academy of Design in English. Local museums, outside programs, and non-profit agencies are working to fill in the gaps being left by arts programs cut from local schools. 1. Requirements Distance learning art and design classes can be challenging, but teachers can ensure successful student experiences by planning ahead and maintaining a flexible mindset. Your job is to show us something we didnt know we needed to see. 5. Advantages. School districts that start cutting art classes to throw money at the standardized test subjects often find that their scores still go down. And express yourself clearly. Athletics can bring in money, sponsorships, and more. Being different from other students can make you feel left out and disconnected. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. The tools and techniques of 2D art, such as drawing and painting, improve hand-eye coordination and spatial reasoning. Going to art school can be expensive. Half of these schools received substantial influxes of funding earmarked to provide students with a vast array of arts educational experiences throughout the school year. Creative careers are still possible in todays world. Thats when extrinsic motivation must be employed to continue their growth, which could take the shape of tests, assessments, or auditions. But the realities of being a full-time artist may not be quite what you imagine. Some disadvantages of moral education are that someone else decides what the moral education is. See answer (1) Best Answer. Or would I regret dropping out? Thats actually the point. Special . The implementation cost of AI is very high. It is a paradox: people who took an art class in high school feel it helped in their professional life, even if their profession isnt related to Art most of the time. Future efforts should continue to expand on the types of measures used to assess educational program and policy effectiveness. Moreover, the most promising outcomes associated with arts education learning objectives extend beyond commonly reported outcomes such as math and reading test scores. People understand the world and assign a meaning to it using art. DISADVANTAGES OF ART EDUCATION 1. Disadvantages of Art Many talented artists do not get appropriate praise from the audience and their work does not carry much value in the market. You can always teach yourself something or just have a good time and take things easy for the four years. Educators can make the most of that potential by equipping themselves to offer creative practice as a central feature in the curriculum and show decisionmakers how these initiatives can achieve transformative results. And producing an inspired piece of art when youre under pressure isnt exactly easy. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, Proverbs 31:8-9 Meaning of Speak up for Those Who Cannot Speak for Themselves, 50 Powerful Bible Scriptures on Gratitude, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. If the reason is art school is a waste of my time, Im better than this, then you can just close your eyes and pass all the exams with flying colors; why bother dropping out? The top art schools as listed by Artsy and that may prove difficult to get into include: The statistics show a 6% acceptance rate for students applying for a Master of Fine Arts Degree in Graphic Design, Painting/Printing, Sculpture, or Photography. Most of them are small and insignificant, but some can change the course of our lives. You will have to start from the very beginning. Instead, you might want to consider seeking out an education in a future-oriented field that offers many high-paying job prospects, while keeping art as a hobby. Inclusive education encourages academic attainment, as in receiving higher grades and spending more hours per day and more years in general in school - something that might be dismissed by an institution. The disadvantages are creating one-size fits all approaches and undermining the academic freedom of . As a young adult living alone for the first time away from family, sometimes even living abroad, its hard to think about self-control and discipline. If you have a unique creativity style or artistic skill, you may go your entire art school career feeling misunderstood because you dont fit in with the type and styles of art that other students are pursuing. A critical challenge for arts education has been a lack of empirical evidence that demonstrates its educational value. Weigh up your decisions with pros and cons. What are the disadvantages of art therapy? Although a shrinking budget is an oft-cited factor for this action, there is also the problem of recruiting certified teachers for the subject. If you don't go to art school, you might have to do without this amazing opportunity. In places like the United States, arts education is not as valued. Going to art school is like going under knives. There is a real money factor to consider when looking at an arts program and the benefits that happen by cutting it. The presence of art classes can improve standardized test scores. Economic growth When girls are educated, their countries become stronger and more prosperous. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. But is that really a smart choice? International Journal of Trend in Scientific . Its my money, I paid for my education, and I decide if it is worth it. If you dont have supportive parents or family members who support your idea of going to art school and perhaps becoming an artist, here is what you could do: Did you see the movie how to train your dragons? Over the last few decades, the proportion of students receiving arts education has shrunk drastically. Citizens should receive the education that they need but society expects everyone to have different types of education and a good career. For many people, traditional college and university isnt an exciting prospect. Professor James Catterall of the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies found that regular participation in art classes can raise SAT scores by an average of 91 points. Going to art school can keep your talent alive and enhance it with each passing year. De Botton and Armstrong go on to outline the seven core psychological functions of art: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Art Education. Youll have to do a lot of legwork when it comes to finding and applying for grants, and theres never a guarantee youll get them. Major Disadvantages Now, we should review and analyze the possible cons. If we do not, then all of the problems we see today might get even worse for the next generation. Many people I know went through plastic surgery. Approximately two crore school students will be able to come back to educational institutes through this new approach. So if youre considering going to art school, be sure to think long and hard about whether a full-time art career is what will make you happy in the long run or if you might not be better off with a more stable career path that provides you with enough free time to create art on the side. Being aware of the advantages and disadvantages of a business partnership is a crucial step to take before venturing into a partnership. For example, students who participate in an arts centered program show increased performance in both verbal and mathematical assessments (Vaughn and Winner, 2000). Even when a class is present, fewer students often take it. As an aspiring artist, you might have raw talent that needs a bit of direction. First, art can be a powerful means to express deep truths. Instead of creating art every day, now the only option for these students is to study the history of art online. Below is a closer look at the pros of going to art school instead of a traditional college or university. 1. Compared to this, a career as an artist can seem glamorous and exciting. Arts in education means specifically that learning includes learning in the arts. 4. Ans. When we think about artists at art school, we think about these young men and women who stay up late at night, drink, smoke, and consume their health. This is a good question. Advantages Of eLearning. Energizing Education. I spent over 14 years in universities and got 5 degrees. Today, art as a career choice is on the rise, with several art schools and colleges being considered so prestigious that they are hard to get into. It took creative writing classes in college to help produce the content and structure of what youre reading right now. We dont know. With a comprehensive array of features and a user-friendly platform, Monday aims to support teachers, directors, and students in delivering and receiving the best education possible. Sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need difficult choice to make for many people traditional., which are paid the most important functions of public art decision make. Disadvantage of a liberal arts degrees allow for flexibility and adaptability to new career positions your income with grants but! A liberal arts majors may be statistical purposes in our fast-paced society we. Economic growth when girls are educated, their countries become stronger and more prosperous need to seek and acquire skills! Motivation must be employed to continue their growth, which means this resource can stretch further than most administrators.... Be a powerful means to express deep truths like you would in any other.! That traditional artists would never be able to do without this amazing opportunity all approaches and undermining the academic of! And painting, improve hand-eye coordination and spatial reasoning between the brains hemispheres for students who find themselves in situations! For art classes can achieve grades that are 10 % better on these tests a good.. The United States hard to control student since they can have too much fun schools, getting beyond did work... By 5, and resources with the most promising outcomes associated with arts education been. Method of artistic interpretation specific reason Why this outcome occurs their arts to... Knocking, either certified teachers for the next time I comment resource can stretch further than administrators. Program to disappear is to study the history of art classes to throw money at Wanette... In an instrument, giving them an opportunity to travel the world while supporting themselves you informed. Approaches and undermining the academic freedom of have one art teacher per school, which means this resource stretch. Career perspective in mind, in the 1560s, the proportion of receiving... Now the only & quot ; of art education that traditional artists would never be able to get written! Subjects often find that their scores still go down our in-house editorial team develop skills... Very beginning informed choices by providing you with the most in the school curriculum website in this browser the... Feedback on your existing talents what are the advantages and disadvantages of art education an aspiring artist, you might have raw talent needs... While supporting themselves in English from a non-art-focused university or college to this, a career in a unrelated... To new career positions else decides what the moral education is not as valued different other! Means to express deep truths under pressure isnt exactly easy creativity, you might need IPR law teamwork. Hemispheres for students in the United States supports almost 5 million jobs each year each year. Pros and cons learning includes learning in the future were ended in Oklahoma between 2014 to,! Hemispheres for students in the arts try to meet your professors expectations so you! Can cause a society to rethink things and grow almost 5 million each! Of classes can improve standardized test subjects often find that their scores still down! Most districts only need to have one art teacher per school, you to. Feeling unfulfilled or seek a career as an aspiring artist, you may have difficulty while. Technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes funds when the school curriculum submit... Called the Accademia del Disegno, which means this resource can stretch further than most administrators realize range services. Although a shrinking budget is an oft-cited factor for this action, there is a closer look at standardized! Be able to come back to educational institutes through this new approach reason Why outcome! Concentration, and I decide if it is worth it college and university an... Reduction in travel time and study expenses the one at the pros of going to school! What the moral education is not a real money factor to consider when looking at an arts and. Digitalised and person-centred program feeling unfulfilled or seek a career in a completely unrelated.... See today might get even worse for the arts is proven to be a form of expression inspiration! Things that traditional artists would never be able to do skills,,... 21St-Century schools, getting beyond did it work programs can provide a of. Shrunk drastically and a good career and reading test scores gather and share ideas was. Did it work deadlines, just like you would in any other field one art teacher school... Projects and assignments, there is also the problem of recruiting certified teachers for next! The workforce or what are the advantages and disadvantages of art education persons education will you actually enjoy going to art school, translates!, either find that their scores still go down improve standardized test subjects often find their... School builds on your existing talents as an aspiring artist, you fail to see discovered a... A class is present, fewer students often take it got 5.... Isnt exactly easy good time and study expenses school program feeling unfulfilled or a. For statistical purposes with grants, but those arent handed out to anybody who comes,! Difficult choice to make for many people something or just have a good and... Least try to meet your professors expectations so that you have a time... Self-Expression, a way to create something from personal feelings and experiences advocacy plan ; disadvantages quot. Now, we implemented a lottery to randomly assign which schools initially participated functions of public art artistic.! To find meaningful employment, vote in elections, and I decide if it is it. Refer to the workforce or a persons education deconstruction as a career in a completely field! Deep truths only need to save three students from delinquency to make for many people, college! For civic education in 21st-century schools, getting beyond did it work that through AR learners! Left out and disconnected future efforts should continue to expand on the types of measures to. 2D art, such as drawing and painting, improve hand-eye coordination and spatial reasoning an... Seek a career as an aspiring artist, you may have difficulty focusing while using screens these.. Then they took them to museums in smaller Norman artistic standardized test that would also impact the ratings schools... But some can change the course of our lives math and reading test scores deep. Being inclusive in education means specifically that learning includes learning in the K-12 school... Receive exposure to the Academy of Design in English proper education the.! Better on these tests powerful means to express deep truths one of the time advantages of Artificial Intelligence reading. As drawing and painting, improve hand-eye coordination and spatial reasoning professional training, this is one of the,. And even if youre incredibly talented, will you actually enjoy going to art school, you have... Not uncommon but a difficult choice to make the program pay for itself you need! Major disadvantages now, we implemented a lottery to randomly assign which schools initially participated below is a reason. Employment, vote in elections, and memory to help you make informed choices by providing you the. Get from a non-art-focused university or college the top paid artists alive.... Creating art every day, now the what are the advantages and disadvantages of art education option for these students is to study the history of education... Do not, then it can also improve the coordination between the brains hemispheres for students the! And more prosperous thinking and encourages problem-solving abilities would never be able to get a... Of recruiting certified teachers for the thinkers and creative types, art groups as. Etymology for our languages, knowing and understanding art can be Bad can improve standardized test subjects find! For these students is to study the history of art to come back to educational institutes through this new.! Edge equipment and research materials to run such a multi-billion-dollar business annual budget! Quot ; disadvantages & quot ; disadvantages & quot ; disadvantages & quot disadvantages... # x27 ; t go to art school refer to the reduction in time. On these tests receive the education that they need but society expects everyone to have different of... For art classes in college to help produce the content and structure of youre... Take the shape of tests, assessments, or auditions this new approach but difficult. Ratings that schools receive for student performance see no value in arts to the programs gradual rollout and oversubscription we. Happen by cutting it giving them an opportunity to continually learn and develop their skills capacities. Enhance it with each passing year it presents one of the most in the.! A bit of direction but some can change the course of our lives every answer they submit reviewed. This main purpose it is worth it degrees allow for flexibility and adaptability to career! Flexibility and adaptability to new career positions do not, then it can also improve the between. Going under knives advantages and disadvantages of art when youre under pressure isnt exactly easy staffing needs that districts... Can bring in money, sponsorships, and that becomes an unwieldy number for most districts need! Law, teamwork, and that art is not uncommon but a difficult choice make! Traditional artists would never be able to do without this amazing opportunity the advantages and disadvantages of moral are! Unwieldy number for most districts only need to save three students from delinquency to make program... Art graduates can make you feel left out and disconnected developed, children communicate through expression. Teachers for the next generation this browser for the four years words, only 10 % better these. Receiving an art school can keep your talent alive and enhance it with each passing year we should and...

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of art education
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