a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . System Scaffolding. Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. 5. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. Do not use makeshift methods to increase the working height of the scaffold platform, such as with ladders, buckets or blocks. Even if they are "in the way," braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold! Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . . rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. The main tools involved in scaffolding are basic construction tools, ladders, power machines and also very specific safety equipment such as safety glasses, ear protectors, fall arrest equipment and so on. The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Crawling Board. Personal Fall Arrest System. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. . The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Note: Except where . Contact us today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote! After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by: Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose balance and be killed in a fall. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. CALL US AT 877-997-2233. [, Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses appropriate fall protection. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. No handhold available. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Use this training tool to review the safety requirements for a frame scaffold, in the following phases: It is impossible for a stable structure to be built upon a foundation that does not start out square and level. The work deck must be fully planked. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. Specific requirements are described below. Also they can be mobile or stationary. Pumpjack scaffolds are for light duty only. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. [, Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. [. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. All brace connections shall be made secure. Supported scaffold poles, legs . The towers you can find on Scaffold Frame are towers configured by the use of frame and brace scaffolding. 5. Float Scaffold. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. 6. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. Scaffold tower can be erected in all shapes and sizes. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. In Asia, bamboo is used as a construction material. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Haul Scaffolding Safely. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. Ensure that a competent person supervises and directs workers erecting, moving, dismantling or altering a scaffold; Provide a safe means of access for each worker erecting or dismantling the scaffold. It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. 4. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. 1. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Step 2. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. This consists of scaffolding work connected with the operation/use of modular or prefabricated scaffolds; cantilevered material hoists with a max working load of 500kg, ropes and gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, as well as bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) for licensing . [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. The working surface was solidly planked. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. Never load a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load or rated capacity. They positioned themselves around the scaffold and attempted to lift it approximately 5 inches onto the newly built concrete pad. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). [, Employees who are involved in activities such as erecting, dismantling, repairing, and inspecting scaffolds must be trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with those activities. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. C. Survey the job site. The space between the last plank and the uprights cannot exceed 9 1/2 inches. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. The competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold. This will determine how many of each component you will need. [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. . [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. The two measurements should be equal. Post these scaffold Guidelines in a conspicuous place and be sure that all persons who erect, dismantle or use scaffolding are aware of them a and also use them in tool box safety. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. All joints must be The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. Next, select the appropriate-sized scaffold for each job. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). (Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Personal Fall Arrest System. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Supported scaffold poles, frames, uprights, etc. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Such a scaffold can be set up on either side of the building, and offers a great level of flexibility. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. The inspections also must verify that is the scaffold is level and plumb, the base plates are in firm contact with sills, bracing is in place and connected, platforms are fully . To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. Make sure the scaffold is stable. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. Screens which are erected between the toe board and hand rail of the work platform, Debris nets to catch materials before they hit the ground, or. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Stability and durability are the key components for the scaffold towers to be safe. Scaffolding. Also, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are loaded at one point on the platform instead of being evenly distributed. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. The process of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold should be supervised by a professional erector. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929! Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. Supported scaffold poles, frames, uprights, etc. Frames and panels should also be locked together to prevent uplift. Place the planks. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . Too much material being stored on the platform. Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Lanyards or connecting devices must be connected to a vertical lifeline (1st choice), a horizontal lifeline (2nd choice), or a structural member of the scaffold (last choice). Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Insufficient length. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. 3. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. [. (j) Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. General Guidelines. If you need new scaffolding for larger jobs, you will need to determine how high and wide you are likely to build the scaffolding. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. [. Secure access to the scaffold. Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. 22. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. Where a platform changes direction (ex. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. 1. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . All scaffolding products available at scaffoldframe.com meets OSHA and ANSI standards, and have a 5 year warranty*. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. . Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. They can decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement.

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